Identification
A large black corvid. Adults show pale bare skin around the base of a pointed bill; juveniles lack that conspicuous feature.
When to look
Resident and migratory populations occur in Europe. Outside breeding, flocks can mix with other corvids and move between fields and roosts.
Where to look
Farmland, river plains, towns and parks with groups of tall trees offer feeding areas and colonial nest sites.
Behaviour and ecology
Food and nutrition
Earthworms, grain and other plant and animal foods are taken. It normally searches for food on the ground.
Breeding and life cycle
Pairs nest in colonies called rookeries, building substantial stick nests in trees. Nests can be repaired and reused in later years.
A closer look
The familiar pale bill base develops with age. A young Rook therefore needs different identification checks from an adult.
Global conservation assessment
LC · Least Concern
Global category recorded from the linked assessment; it does not describe local abundance. Least Concern does not mean absence of threats.
View the source assessment ↗Observation and photography
Compare bill shape, age and flock companions. Keep out of colonies and avoid disturbing communal roosts for flight photographs.
Sources and further reading
Keep a distance that allows birds to feed and rest normally. Do not enter colonies, approach nests, flush roosts or use playback for photographs. Never publish precise nest locations of sensitive species. Follow reserve rules and your guide's advice.