Identification
A slim black, white and grey bird with a long tail that is often pumped up and down. Plumage varies with age, season and population.
When to look
European populations include residents and migrants. Local groups can change during passage and cold weather.
Where to look
Open ground around water, farmland, settlements and short grassy areas can all be used. It is not restricted to riversides.
Behaviour and ecology
Food and nutrition
Small terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates are taken while walking, running or making short feeding flights.
Breeding and life cycle
The cup nest is placed in a sheltered crevice, sometimes in banks, buildings or other structures. Both sexes contribute to nest building.
A closer look
A familiar bird in a car park or village can be using the same basic feeding method as one on a natural riverbank.
Global conservation assessment
LC · Least Concern
Global category recorded from the linked assessment; it does not describe local abundance. Least Concern does not mean absence of threats.
View the source assessment ↗Observation and photography
Watch the bird's route and wait for it to approach naturally. Avoid blocking crevices or repeatedly following adults carrying food.
Sources and further reading
Keep a distance that allows birds to feed and rest normally. Do not enter colonies, approach nests, flush roosts or use playback for photographs. Never publish precise nest locations of sensitive species. Follow reserve rules and your guide's advice.